Penggunaan "Once" dalam Bahasa Inggris

Kata "Once" sering kita dengar dan baca dalam beberapa teks berbahasa Inggris. Satu hal yang perlu diingat adalah Once di sini bukan Once Mikel "mantan" vokalis Dewa 19, ya.. :)

Ada 2 fungsi Once dalam kalimat berbahasa Inggris, pertama, difungsikan sebagai adverb dan kedua, difungsikan sebagai conjunction. Adverb itu "kata keterangan" dan Conjunction itu "kata sambung". :) Gitu masih diajarin juga ya...

Oke, langsung kita bahas satu persatu..

Once as Adverb

When once means 'at some time' , we use it for the past but not for the future. To refer to an indefinite future time, we can use 'sometime' or 'one day'. (Swan, 2005: 395)

Menurut Swan, ketika once bermakna 'pada suatu waktu', kita menggunakannya untuk waktu lampau, bukan untuk waktu mendatang. Untuk mengacu pada waktu mendatang, "pada suatu waktu" menggunakan kata "sometime" atau "one day".

Contoh:

• I met her once in Venezuela

• Once upon a time there was a beautiful princess.

Bandingkan dengan contoh di bawah ini :

• Come up and see me sometime. (bukan : Come up and see me once)

• We must go walking one day. (bukan : We must go walking once)

When 'once' has the more precise meaning of 'one time' (not twice or three times), it can be used to talk about any time, including the future.

Menurut Swan lagi, ketika 'once' bermakna 'sekali' (bukan dua kali atau tiga kali), kata "once" tersebut bisa digunakan pada waktu kapan saja, termasuk waktu mendatang.

Contoh :

I am going to say this once. = saya akan mengatakan hal ini sekali (saja).

Catatan : Kata at once bermakna "immediately" (secara seketika; lit.translation)

Once as Conjunction

Once can be used as conjunction, meaning "after", "as soon as". It often suggests that something is finished or completed, and is most used with a perfect tense.

Menurut Swan, kata "once" dapat digunakan sebagai conjunction (kata penghubung), yang bermakna setelah, segera sesaat. Biasanya menunjukkan bahwa sesuatu telah selesai, dan biasanya digunakan dengan tenses perfect.

Contoh :

• Once you have passed your test I'll let you drive your car.

• Once he had found somewhere to live he started looking for work.

• Once you know how to ride a bike you never forget it.

Catatan : Jangan gunakan kata that setelah once. (contoh salah : Once that you have passed your test I will let you drive your car.)

Mudah bukan? Semoga bermanfaat...

"Asalkan" dalam Bahasa Inggris

'Asalkan' dalam Bahasa Inggris memiliki berbagai macam makna. Seperti halnya makna 'karena' yang ditunjukkan dengan beberapa kata sambung (conjunction), 'Asalkan' atau 'dengan syarat' juga ditunjukkan dengan menggunakan conjunction. Berikut adalah kata sambung (conjunction) yang bermakna 'asalkan' atau 'dengan syarat' :

1. On condition that

2. Only if / if only

3. Provided (that)

4. Providing (that)

Conjunction di atas memiliki arti 'asalkan' atau 'dengan syarat', untuk memperjelasnya lihat contoh-contoh di bawah ini :

1. We can take care of this matter on condition that payment is made in advance.

2. We will manufacture these handbags only if we can obtain the right leather

3. We should be able to do the job for you quickly, provided (that) you give us all the necessary information.

4. I could get more work done providing (that) there weren't so much noise.

Keterangan : Kata that yang ada dalam kurung maksudnya boleh digunakan / boleh tidak digunakan.

Referensi:

Frank, Marcella. 1972. Modern English; A Practical Reference Guide. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, Inc.

"Karena" dalam Bahasa Inggris

da Jika anda menganggap 'karena' dalam bahasa Inggris hanya 'because' saja, maka anda harus membaca tulisan ini. Sebab, pada dasarnya makna 'karena' dalam bahasa Inggris ternyata banyak sekali. Salah satu makna 'karena' dalam bahasa Inggris bisa menggunakan conjunction (kata sambung) seperti di bawah ini :

1. As
2. Because
3. Because of the fact that 
4. Due to the fact that
5. For
6. Inasmuch as / in as much as
7. In that
8. In view of the fact that
9. On account of the fact that 
10. Owing to the fact that
11. On the ground that
12. Whereas

Kata-kata di atas semuanya adalah conjunction (kata sambung) bermakna 'karena'; artinya, setelah kata-kata tersebut harus diikuti oleh klausa.

Contoh :

1. They left the party at 11 P.M, as they had to get up early the next day.
2. I could go to school because I was ill.
3. Because of the fact that they had made their reservation too late, they couldn't get on the plane they wanted.
4. Due to the fact that all trains were delayed, the station was crowded with people.
5. He decided to withdraw from his physics class, for he kept failing the examination.
6. Inasmuch as no offer has been made to pay for the damage, our company will have to take this case to court.
7. Both girls are similar in that they love expensive clothes.
8. In view of the fact that all the able-bodied men were fighting at the front, the women had to do all the work.
9. He was fired on account of the fact that he had stolen money from the company.
10. Owing to the fact that not enough members are present to call our meeting to order, we will have to cancel the meeting.
11. She's suing for divorce on the grounds that he deserted her and the children.
12. Whereas the rent for this property has not been paid for four months, the tenant is required to vacate the premises immediately.

Kata sambung (Conjunction) dari contoh kalimat yang BERCETAK TEBAL di atas semuanya mengandung makna 'karena'. Meski beberapa di antaranya mengandung arti yang berbeda tergantung konteks yang sedang dibahas.

Referensi:

Frank, Marcella. 1972. Modern English; A Practical Reference Guide. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, Inc.