5 Cara Menerjemah ala Etienne Dollet

Cara menerjemah ala Etienne Dollet? Belum kenalan? Silahkan kenalan dulu, Cari di Om Google aja siapa Etienne Dollet, Oke. Di sini saya hanya akan membagikan referensi On the Way of Translating Well from One Language into Another yang dipublikasikan lagi oleh Andre Lefevere (1992: 27-28) berikut ini:

First, the translator must understand to perfection the meaning and the subject matter of the author he translates. If he understands this he will never be obscure in his translation and if the author he translates is in no way obscene, he will be able to make him easily and perfectly intelligible.

The second point required in translation is that the translator should know the language of the author he translates to perfection and that he should have achieved the same excellence in the language he wants to translate into. In that way he will neither violate nor denigrate the splendor of one language or the other. You must understand that every language has its own characteristics, and therefore its diction, its patterns of speech, its subtleties, and its power must be translated accordingly. If the translator does not know this, he will hurt the author he translates and also the language he translates him into, for he will neither represent nor express the dignity and the riches of the two languages he has taken in hand.

The third point is that when you translate you should not enter into slavery to the point of rendering word for word. Whoever translates in this way does so because his mind is poor and deficient. If he possesses the qualities mentioned above (and a good translator must possess them) he will work with sentences and not care about the order of the words, and he will see to it that the author’s intention is expressed while miraculously preserving the characteristics of both languages. It is therefore wrong to believe (should I call that belief stupidity or ignorance?) that you should start your translation at the beginning of a sentence. But if you express the intention of the author you translate you will be above reproach, even if you distort the syntax. I shall not pass over in silence the folly of some translators who bow to servitude instead of acting freely. They are such fools that they try to render line by line, or verse by verse. When they make this mistake they often adulterate the meaning of the author they translate and convey neither the elegance nor the perfection of either language. You must guard against this vice with all your might, since all it demonstrates is the translator’s ignorance.

The fourth rule I want to offer here must be observed with greater diligence in languages that have not yet become established in the field of art than in others. I would call the following languages not yet established in the field of art: French, Italian, Spanish, German, English, and other vulgar tongues. If you translate a Latin book into one of these languages (even into French), you should not usurp words which are too close to Latin or have been little used in the past. Be satisfied with common usage and do not foolishly introduce novelties spawned by curiosity which can only be called reprehensible. If you observe some translators doing so, do not imitate them, since their arrogance is not worth a thing and cannot be tolerated among the learned. But do not think I am telling you the translator should completely abstain from using words outside common usage, since it is well known that Greek or Latin are richer in diction than French. This often forces us to use rare words, but we should do so only in cases of dire need.

Let us now come to the fifth rule a good translator needs to observe. It is such an important rule that all compositions are heavy and unpleasant without it. What is it then? Merely that the translator should observe the figures of speech, namely that he should link and arrange words with such sweetness that the soul is satisfied and the ears are pleased. He should never object to harmony in language. And I would once again like to admonish the translator to observe the rules I have given. If he does not, he will not be able to write any remarkable composition whatsoever: his sentences will not sound serious and they will not achieve their legitimate weight, as required.

Mohon maaf belum bisa menyajikan terjemahan bebasnya ke dalam Bahasa Indonesia. Tapi jika ada yang suka rela ingin menerjemahkan 5 Cara Menerjemahkan ala Etienne Dollet di atas, silahkan berbagi..

Referensi:

Lefevere, Andre. 1992. Translation, History, Culture: A Sourcebook. London and New York: Routledge.

Mengenang Peter Newmark

Pada tanggal 12 Juli 2011 yang lalu salah satu tokoh bidang penerjemahan, Prof. Peter Newmark, meninggal dunia pada usia ke 95 tahun. Kami ikut berbelasungkawa, dan semoga ilmu yang Prof. Newmark berikan bisa bermanfaat untuk kita semua. Untuk mengenang beliau, insyaAllah kami akan memberikan kumpulan catatan Peter Newmark.

Beberapa tokoh penerjemahan juga ikut mengenang Peter Newmark, salah satunya adalah Anthony Pym. Mengenang Prof. Newmark, Ia mengatakan:

Professor Newmark was one of the main figures in the founding of Translation Studies in the English-speaking world from the 1980s. He is widely read through a series of accessible and occasionally polemical works, the titles of which are as straightforward as the man himself: A Textbook of Translation (1988), Paragraphs on Translation (1989), About Translation (1991), More Paragraphs on Translation (1998).

From the early 1980s, Professor Newmark was associated with the founding and development of the Centre for Translation Studies at Surrey. He was chair of the editorial board of the Journal of Specialised Translation. He also wrote "Translation Now" bimonthly for The Linguist and was Vice-President, Council member, Editorial Board Member of Institute of Linguists.

Professor Newmark cared passionately about language, civilisation, and respect for great texts. His views were generally conservative, but always offered in the spirit of lively public debate.

Generations of students and scholars have built up a stock of Newmark anecdotes. He first earned my own admiration when I saw him take off his shoes to listen to a lecture (admittedly he was at the back of the lecture hall). He is much missed.

Selain Anthony Pym, tokoh lain dalam bidang penerjemahan, Margaret Rogers juga ikut mengenang Prof. Newmark. Dalam hal ini, ia mengatakan:

Known worldwide as an early pioneer of the nascent discipline of Translation Studies, our friend and colleague, Professor Newmark, has died aged 95 in his home town of Guildford. ‘Passions’ and ‘commitments’ are a common and often weakened currency in the language of the 21st century. Not so for Peter. He was truly passionate about and committed to the learning and teaching of modern languages, was vehemently opposed to restrictive changes in government policy, and dedicated his time, expertise and energies to his beloved Institute of Linguists.

For Peter, life was a matter of absolutes: truth, family, friendship, literature, music, Palestine, ethics, good translation and bad translation. In a valueless (as Peter saw it) post-modernist world, this got him into trouble in many ways and on many occasions, but it also won him friends and admirers.

In the early 1980s, Peter was a true friend to the newly born Centre for Translation Studies at Surrey, founded in the aftermath of the Thatcher government’s university cuts by Nigel Reeves and our friend and colleague Gunilla Anderman, whose own death in 2007 greatly affected Peter until the end.

Peter continued to teach and lecture in the Centre during the following decades. His final lecture at Surrey was given only two years ago to a packed room, full of students eager to see and hear the man whose books and publications they had read and learnt from.

I shared many jokes with Peter about social class, disagreed with him about corpus linguistics and lexicography, and indulged in many a welcome glass of wine. Peter’s roots were firmly planted in a close family life. Our thoughts are with Pauline, Liz and Matt.

I will miss Peter, as will not only my colleagues but also our future generations of students, whom he would have loved to go on teaching.

Selamat jalan Prof, dan mari kita lanjutkan pelajaran Peter Newmark. 

Translaiton menurut Peter Newmark 

Tujuan Penerjemahan menurut Peter Newmark

Memperkaya Vocabulary dengan Thesaurus Microsoft Word

Setelah mengetahui pentingnya mempelajari vocabulary, sekarang saatnya mengetahui bagaimana memperkaya vocabulary dengan thesaurus Microsoft  Word.

Memang, saat kemempuan vocabulary kita pas-pasan, banyak sekali kendala yang harus kita hadapi. Misalnya saja, ketika kita menulis skripsi berbahasa Inggris, kita tentu akan merasa tidak percaya diri dengan kata-kata yang kita tulis. Lagi-lagi ini, lagi-lagi itu, kadang kita merasa tulisan kita tidak enak dibaca, dengan vocabulary yang monoton, waduh. Namun jangan putus asa dulu, ada cara untuk mengatasinya.

Salah satu cara untuk memperkaya vocabulary kita saat menulis yaitu dengan memanfaatkan thesaurus Microsoft Word. Thesaurus sendiri bisa didefinisikan sebagai berikut:

A thesaurus is a reference work that lists words grouped together according to similarity of meaning (containing synonyms and sometimes antonyms).

Jadi, berbeda dengan kamus yang isinya definisi, thesaurus lebih berisi tentang sinonim dan antonim. Oleh karena itu, jika kita merasa kurang kaya dalam vocabulary alangkah baiknya jika kita bisa memanfaatkan theasurus ini.

Untuk memanfaatkan thesaurus Microsoft Word ini, kita harus mengetik kata bahasa Inggris yang belum kita ketahui, semisal kalimat di bawah ini:

The attempt to answer such questions can yield a rich and densely textured understanding. But there is a downside: the longer the history, the more data there are, and the less clear the overall picture becomes.

Dari kalimat di atas, cari kata yang belum kita ketahui maknanya. Lalu, blok kata yang belum kita tersebut dan tekan SHIFT + F7 Secara bersamaan, semisal kita mencari sinonim kata attempt, blok kata tersebut lalu tekan SHIFT + F, maka akan dengan sendirinya muncul kotak di sebelah kanan document yang sedang kita ketik beberapa sinonim kata attempt. Nah ini dia screenshotnya:

Nah, sekarang sudah tahu kan sinonim attempt? Ternyata banyak juga ya...

Dengan demikian, kata bahasa Inggris yang kita tulis tidak melulu monoton, kita bisa memanfaatkan thesaurus Microsoft Word ini dengan sebaik-baiknya agar bisa menemukan kata yang pas untuk kita tulis. Semoga kita semakin bisa memperkaya vocabulary sehingga kita tidak lagi membutuhkan thesaurus Ms Word ini.. :-)

Terjemahan Bahasa Inggris Syahadat

Bagi orang Islam (Muslim) “Syahadat” adalah syarat pertama yang harus dipenuhi. Secara harfiah (literal) syahadat bisa diartikan sebagai kesaksian. Secara istilah mungkin diartikan sebagai kesaksian seorang muslim bahwa tidak ada Tuhan selain Allah dan Muhammad adalah utusan Allah (untuk lebih jelasnya mungkin tanyakan pada ustadz aja ya…)

Lafadz syahadat ini konon harus diucapkan dengan bahasa Arab yaitu sebagai berikut:

أشهد ان لا اله الاالله و اشهد ان محمدا رسول الله

Terjemahan syahadat dengan bahasa Indonesia adalah:

“Saya bersaksi bahwasanya tidak ada Tuhan selain Allah dan saya bersaksi bahwasanya Muhammad adalah utusan Allah”

Nah, sekarang bagaimana jika syahadat ini diterjemahkan ke dalam Bahasa Inggris? Oke, mari kita lihat apa sih terjemahan syahadat dalam Bahasa Inggris, yuk kita lihat artinya di bawah ini:

“I bear witness that (there is) no God except Allah, and I bear witness that Muhammad is the messenger of Allah.”

Vocabulary:

أشهد	I bear witness
ان	That
لا اله	No God
الاالله	Except Allah
و	And
رسول الله	The messenger of Allah

Cukup sekian, semoga bermanfaat.